How The Patient Meets Criteria For The Disorders And Other...

These tests might be rehashed to give me data about how the individual s memory and other intellectual capacities are changing after some time. Tests can likewise help analyze different reasons for memory issues, for example, gentle subjective disability and vascular dementia. Alzheimer s ailment can be certainly analyzed simply after death, by connecting clinical measures with an examination of mind tissue in a dissection. (Garrett, M. D., and Valle, R. (2016) Investigate and clarify how the patient meets criteria for the disorder(s) as per the patient s side effects and the criteria sketched out in the symptomatic manual. The demonstrative criteria for Alzheimer s infection were changed to mirror a superior comprehension of the†¦show more content†¦The utilization of biomarkers for Alzheimer s malady is as yet viewed as trial and is fitting just for use by specialists as of now. The rules call for approving and institutionalizing the utilization of biomarkers before they can be connected in a clinical setting, similar to a specialist s office. Biomarkers for Alzheimer s malady did not exist when the first criteria were produced in 1984, and have been considered seriously as of late. (Garrett, M. D., and Valle, R. (2016). Assess manifestations inside the setting of a proper hypothetical introduction for this conclusion. Since the manifestations of Alzheimer s infection can hit people slowly and can be covered as quite recently typical movement of Maturing it is frequently exceptionally troublesome when it kicked the bucket you holding up side effects to draw an obvious conclusion to the fitting determination. sicknesses and ailments, for example, dementia diabetes Lyme infection dejection thyroid illness all can have an indistinguishable sort of side effects from individual having Alzheimer s malady. it is critical that early determination of this specific sickness is done as such that it is not misdiagnosed for frequently and not the misdiagnosed this specific illness can bring about years of treated side effects. TheShow MoreRelatedCommunication Disorders7061 Words   |  29 PagesCOMMUNICATION DISORDERS What is Communication Disorder? †¢ a speech, language and hearing disorder which refers to problems in communication and in related areas such as oral motor function. †¢ The symptoms vary depending on the particular type of communication disorder, but they generally center around problems communicating. †¢ Children with communication disorders have deficits in their ability to exchange information with others. COMMUNICATION †¢ a multidimensional dynamic process thatRead MoreCaring for People with Additional Needs11935 Words   |  48 Pagesprovide an explanation with great content of the effects on people who are in need of these services due to their additional needs. Finally, I intend to record in depth and show understanding of each stage of the care management process and evaluate how it is used to access, plan, implement, monitor and review individual care plans. Definition of disability â€Å"A physical or mental impairment, which has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on a person s ability to carry Read MoreAbnormal Psychology Terms9960 Words   |  40 Pagesstatement I knew right after we got home from the hospital that our kid had a problem, the parents said. unless the parent is using 20-20 hindsight, the childs diagnosis most likely is im concerned about Ritalin use; its possible effects on childrens growth, and its increasing heart-attack risk in hypertensive adults an acquaintance worries. your best reply, based on the most recent research is it is obvious that this case of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder arises from an early childhoodRead MoreAbnormal Psy Essay10046 Words   |  41 PagesDefinitional and Historical Considerations and Canadas Mental Health System Multiple Choice 1. An illustration of abnormal behaviour would be: A) Soiling oneself once a month at age 14. 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Like all plants, its sensitive to the environment where it grows. Some of the names for it are Mary Jane, pot, weed, grass, herb, ganja or skunk. The brain has many responses to marijuana. Marijuana can cause people to lose focus on events around them. For some it makes them more aware of their physical sensations. For others, there are numerous other effects. All forms of marijuana are mind- altering. All of the changes are caused by chemicals thatRead MoreOcd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment131367 Words   |  526 Pagesuse with your own clients and patients. It does not extend to additional clinicians or practice settings, nor does purchase by an institution constitute a site license. This license does not grant the right to reproduce these materials for resale, redistribution, or any other purposes (including but not limited to books, pamphlets, articles, video- or audiotapes, and handouts of slides for lectures or workshops). Permission to reproduce these materials for these and other purposes must be obtained inRead MoreNU 545 Unit 2 Essay10921 Words   |  44 Pagesdifferent clinical descriptions of pain; pain threshold/tolerance. - (Pg 491-495) Pain threshold is the point at which a stimulus is perceived as pain and it does not vary significantly among people or in the same person over time. - Pain tolerance is the duration of time or the intensity of pain that an individual - - will endure before initiating overt pain responses and is generally decreased with repeated exposure to pain. Acute pain is a protective mechanism that alerts the individualRead MoreIndian Social Structure and Values Ethics in Business13564 Words   |  55 Pagesincluded in the list of the scheduled tribes : Tribal populations are poor, are relatively isolated and closed groups, forming homogeneous units of production and consumption. Being economically backward, they have been exploited by the non-tribals. After independence the policy of protection and development for the population identified as tribe has been made into a constitutional obligation. A list of tribes was adopted for this purpose which had 212 names which was modified later by presidential

A Separate Peace, By Nathaniel Hawthorne - 996 Words

Humans should balance and understand the difference between good and evil. Good and evil are the superficial ideas that permeate society in many ways. However, one does not get to do in depth analysis so as to encounter such in lifestyle. As an example, at this point the planet is at the verge of a war. Humans have completely different views and perceptions of the implications such events would bring around the planet. There has always been an unending struggle of deciding between good and evil. As humans, we have a tendency to do not understand or notice a balance between them so as to achieve a positive outcome. In any work of literary art, here are sides of good as well as evil; only can win one while not the opposite does not and cannot be alive. In Nathaniel Hawthorne s stories, the influence of each good and evil were associated with faith, sin and science; making pieces of work that are both contemporary and difficult. Likely, the novel A Separate Peace by John Knowles highlights the two extremes of personalities and also the plan of war as a struggle between good and evil. In Hawthorn’s short stories like, â€Å"The Birthmark†, â€Å"Dr. Heidegger s Experiment†, and â€Å"Rappaccini s Daughter† all have combined underlying which means and demonstrate an identical relevant theme. He uses his stories to define his beliefs on the opposition between science, nature, and faith in the way of our life. In all three of Hawthorne s short stories he rejected the idea of scienceShow MoreRelatedSpheres in Scarlet Letter Essay1627 Words   |  7 Pagesdefine who they are. Nathaniel Hawthorne also criticizes the Utopian ideals that societies often hold in his novel, The Scarlet Letter. The main character, Hester goes astray from the rules of her Puritan town and must wear a scarlet letter on her chest to declare her sin. 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The guilty conscience of Dimmesdale brings him isolationRead MoreThe Neurosis of Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay example1976 Words   |  8 PagesThe Neurosis of Nathaniel Hawthorne The influence of Freuds theory of the dynamics of human personality extends far beyond the discipline of behavioral science, reaching into areas such as humanities, philosophy, and literature. Freud believed that a work of literature is the external expression of the authors unconscious mind. Therefore, we must treat the work of literature as a dream, then reveal hidden motivations and repressed desires by applying psychoanalytic techniques. In the storyRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay1764 Words   |  8 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter is a classic American novel that tells a story of Hester Prynne, a convicted adulterer, and her struggles in community that has condemned her a sinner for life. 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Management Analysis of CSL Limited Australia †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Management Analysis of CSL Limited Australia. Answer: Introduction Adoption and implementation of sustainable practices by an organization is an important process for the development and success of that organization. These sustainable practices may assist the organization in attracting and enticing a maximum customer base inside and outside the country. It is essential for an organization tocreate effective marketing strategies and operations. Marketing analysis is a technique, which is used by an organization to implement, handle and review themarketing resources and strategies. It includes various processes, which play an important role in planning, organizing, leading and controlling the organization. These practices include planning and strategy, Human Resource Management and value chain and technology. This discussion includes various marketing and sustainable practices of CSL (Commonwealth Serum Laboratories) organization. The company is implementing various sustainable practices its business operations and management. At the end, it will reco mmend some strategies, which should be implemented by CSL in the future. Company Description Commonwealth Serum Laboratories (CSL) is an international biotechnology organization with an effective product portfolio of life-saving health supplements and medicines. The organization is engaged in the business of manufacturing and delivering both the medicines, which are used to treat immune deficiencies and hemophilia and vaccines as well to inhibit infection. Since its establishment in the year 2916, the company has driven its promise to save the peoples lives by adopting latest and advanced technologies (CSL, 2017). Currently, the organization is offering these biotechnological products in over 60 countries including United Kingdom, Australia, Germany, Switzerland and United States. At CSL, there is a combination of research and development focus, financial strength and functional excellence that enables the company to recognize, create and develop innovative practices for the patients. In brief, CSL Limited is an international biotechnology organization, which examines, devel ops, produces and markets the medicines to cure and protect them from serious human diseases. The products of CSL include vaccines, blood plasma derivatives, cell culture reagents, which are used in different genetic and medical manufacturing and research operations (CSL, 2017). Importance of company in Australian and International Landscape CSL Limited is an organization that is offering biotechnology medicines for the people to save their lives. The company is very important for the country and international environment, as it offers biotechnology medicines to the people. It has importance for Australia in all the aspects, i.e. social, economic, public health, environmental. In todays scenario, use of biotechnology tool has a large positive impact on different areas of a country. Primarily, the medicines of CSL assist the country in improving the public health. In relation to CSL, it is important to consider that it uses the modern technology, which can be processed with public health practices for Australia and it is enhancing the efficacy of the country. The company has offered many effective and efficient tool to the country, like; new drugs and vaccines, effective treatment, innovative approaches to the therapeutics etc. In addition, CSL Limited provides some environmental benefits to Australia, as it restores the soil, water and natural resources at low cost (Armstrong, Kotler, Harker and Brennan, 2015). Furthermore, CSL has helped Australia to enhance the quality of lives of people. Its products have the potential to make changes in Australian society. It is reducing the need and use of chemicals in the medicines, which may impact the public health and environment. It is working with Australian Government to make investment new and innovative technologies, which may benefit the population with hemophilia worldwide. CSL is assisting Australia in controlling the pollution by reduction in the utilization of chemicals (Barney, 2014). There will be saving of refined resources as the company is utilizing natural resources for manufacturing medicines. In addition, CSL is very important for Australia in terms of economy, such as; the company claims a market capitalization of 32$ billion and providing employment to more than 14000 people in over 30 nations. Apart from its importance to Australia, CSL is offering the benefits on international level. One of the biggest subsidiaries of CSL, i.e . CSL Behring is working as an international leader in plasma protein therapeutics and has its primary premises in Germany, Australia, Switzerland and United States (Bock, 2015). Thus, it can be said that business and operations of Australia are very important for Australia and global environment. Sustainable Practices of CSL As CSL Limited is engaged in manufacturing the products by using natural resources, this is the major point, which can be considered in implementation of sustainable practices by CSL. The company is incorporating sustainable practices in its marketing strategies, i.e. product, pricing, place and promotion (Berkowitz, 2016). In Australia, the company is performing very strongly in corporate responsibility and staying on its commitment to responsibly attain growth and success by effective implementation of business strategies, making investment in research and development process to develop advanced biotherapies for serious human conditions and via its promise to gain efficiency and productivity. According to the Corporate Sustainability Report, 2013, CSL has created a significant development in evolving a sustainability culture and implementing globally-identified sustainable practices. Under its product strategy, CSL offers the products in the eco-friendly packaging, because it is very much concerned about the societal and environmental aspects. In addition, the company is using sustainable pricing strategy, under which it if offering the medicines on fair prices, so it can achieve a significant market share and increase its customer base. For promoting its products in Australia and international market, CSL is adopting various effective practices, like; sales promotion, personal selling, advertisements etc. These promotional tools will assist CSL in gaining competitive advantage and sustaining the competitive environment in Australian industry (Chandrasekaran, 2016). It is engaging in corporate social responsibility activities. The distribution channels and network of CSL include different parties, wholesalers, retailers, financial institutions and logistic companies. It helps the company in timely delivery and distribution of products and services. Thus, the mark eting mix of CSL includes various sustainable practices, which enhance its business operations. Planning and Strategy Strategic planning plays a vital role in organizing and leading the organization successfully. CSL limited is adopting various strategies to effectively plan the processes and activities effectively (Crommelin, Sindelar and Meibohm, 2013). The product concept of this company is very innovative, as there are very few players in Australia those are engaged in biotechnology medicine manufacturing. Under this planning, the company has developed and maintained strong and long lasting strategic partnership with other firms and academic institutes in Europe, North America, Asia and Australia. These partnerships assist CSL in conducting innovative research and development programs, comprising both applied and basic research in vaccines, plasma therapeutics and recombinant biotechnology. By promoting its strategic planning, the company is maintaining corporate governance for maximizing shareholder value. It is attaining a better brand image by effective strategic planning, transparency, risk management and engaging in corporate social responsibility. In addition, CSL is planning to develop licensing agreement around the innovative technologies and products. Human Resource Management Human Resource Management is an effective approach, which is executed by each and every organization for managing its employees. The company aims to offer a positive working environment to the employees and contractors. All the actions of employees are overseen by Board of the company. The top management of CSL treats its employees in a fair and lawful manner and seeks to produce a workplace culture of respect and mutual trust. It understands the significance of training the employees with right skills and abilities to perform their jobs and duties and identifying their contribution to the growth and success of organization. CSL promotes workforce diversity, collaboration, safety, health and well-being of employees and appreciate the work-life balancing. The manufacturing site of CSL implements effective HR policies, practices and programs, which fulfills the companys employment responsibilities and assist its business and corporate strategy. Leadership In managing the sustainable practices, leadership is an essential process that is important to direct and lead the business operations and employees. The global leadership group at CSL is responsible for the day to day operations of organization. The leaders at CSL, i.e. Board of Directors are responsible for the management of company and giving strategic direction to the employees and other levels of management. The organization supports leadership development via exclusive talent management programs (Cox, 2016). Leadership at CSL is very effective and dynamic, because their leaders motivate, engage and attracts more and more employees. They are practicing participative management in workplace in which, it engages others, listens and develops commitment and promise. As it is a biotechnology organization, so the leaders motivate the followers to become more responsible towards people and natural environment. They consider the issues of employees, which are related to their work and personal life. Talent management is an effective approach that is used by the leaders of CSL for maintaining and establishing competitive advantage through its human resources. The main objective of this program is to ensure the appropriate employees for right positions. It offers personal growth and development to the employees. Thus, the leadership is very effective at CSL limited (Witcomb, 2015). It is totally focused on followers and employees and assists them in enhancing their skills and abilities to perform their jobs and duties. Value Chain and Technology Value addition from manufacturing of new biotechnology medicines is foremost that is directly related to the treatment of patients. CSL Limited is offering the biotechnology medicines to the people for curing their life threatening diseases and serious human conditions. The value chain of company ensures that the patients receive the appropriate medicines at appropriate time (Grajales, et al, 2014). The value chain of CSL includes different components, like; research and development, production of medicines, distribution of products and delivery to end users etc. Before manufacturing a medicine, the organization needs to conduct research and development. CSL has developed partnerships with other organizations and institutions for conducting innovative research programs (Sargeant and Jay, 2014). In next component, CSL ensures that it manufactures the medicines by using natural and biological resources and there is no use of chemical ingredients. After completing manufacturing processes, the organization emphasizes on distribution of products among customers and patients. In this company ensures that it is adopting best transportation techniques (Taske Sarah-Jane, 2016). It handles the distribution effectively from manufacturer to end user. CSL Limited is controlling its value chain process by adopting and implementing effective strategies and processes. It is focusing on each and every process of delivering the medicines to patients. Co-creating value for partners and patients are the major capabilities of company (Hickey et al, 2013). Technology plays a vital role in the field of biotechnology, as it offers various opportunities to conduct research and gather the biological data about patients and their diseases. CSL Limited has access to advanced technologies to support the research opportunities in the beginning stage (Hsiao, 2014). Innovation is a core of everything, which CSL do in offering its products. Technology innovation is reflected in the manufacturing facilities, plasma collection, enhancing biotherapies, searching new features in existing therapies and developing new and innovative therapeutic products for fulfilling the needs of patients (Hickey et al, 2014). In addition, CSL limited is adopting modern and advanced technology resources in the production and manufacturing process of biotechnology medicines. Future Strategies Product strategy CSL Limited has been engaged in offering a variety of life-saving medicines, which are assisting the population of Australia and all over the world. The major objective behind these products is to provide healthy and normal lives to people (CSL, 2017). There are some major products of company, which are given below; Vaccines Plasma therapies Antivenoms Pharmaceuticals Other diagnostic products In the production process, the company should focus on labeling and packaging of products. It will do eco-friendly packaging of the products. Pricing strategy CSL Limited will offer its products on discount pricing and competitive pricing. It will set the prices of products lower than its competitors in Australian industry (Huang and Sarigll, 2014). Under discount pricing, the organization will give discount on medicines, in terms of volume and payment in cash. Offering heavy discounts will attract more and more customers towards its products. Promotion strategy Promotion is an important strategy for each and every organization. The companies need to incorporate various effective promotional tools to implement effective promotion strategy (Hsiao, 2014). CSL is adopting various promotional techniques in this competitive environment, like; sales promotion, advertising and personal selling. Maintaining sustainable practices will be another way to promote its products among people, as people are very much concerned about their and environmental safety (Luo et al, 2014). Recommendations and Conclusion By analyzing the above report, it can be stated that CSL Limited is an organization that is offering biotechnology medicines to save the lives of people. This analysis is conducted for evaluating the sustainable practices of company in present competitive scenario. It includes all the important processes of organization, which are practiced for enhancing business, like; leadership, planning and strategy, human resource management etc. Furthermore, there are some strategies, which can be used by CSL in the future. It is hereby recommended that the company should focus on the quality and prices of its medicines as it impacts the health of people. They should try to make the people aware about this new and innovative concept in medical science. In addition, they should use only healthy and biological ingredients in medicines. It will not affect the health of people adversely. There should be effective management of human resources, so that company can complete its manufacturing and delivery process successfully. Thus, the company should be engaged in more promotional activities, like; offline media, print media etc. It will increase its presence at both domestic and international level as well References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Barney, J.B., 2014.Gaining and sustaining competitive advantage. Pearson Higher Ed. Bock, R., 2015. Engineering plastid genomes: methods, tools, and applications in basic research and biotechnology.Annual Review of Plant Biology,66, pp.211-241. Berkowitz, E.N., 2016.Essentials of health care marketing. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Chandrasekaran, A.R., 2016. DNA origami and biotechnology applications: a perspective.Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,91(4), pp.843-846. Crommelin, D.J., Sindelar, R.D. and Meibohm, B. eds., 2013.Pharmaceutical biotechnology: fundamentals and applications. Springer Science Business Media. CSL, 2017, CSL Behring Acquires Biotech Company Calimmune and its Proprietary Stem Cell Gene Therapy Platform, retrieved from https://www.csl.com.au/investors/CSL-Behring-Acquires-Biotech-Company-Calimmune-and-its-Proprietary-Stem-Cell-Gene-Therapy-Platform. CSL, 2017, Board Management, retrieved from https://www.csl.com.au/about/board-management.htm. CSL, 2017, Our products areas, retrieved from https://www.csl.com.au/products. Cox, M.D., 2016. Four positions of leadership in planning, implementing, and sustaining faculty learning community programs.New Directions for Teaching and Learning,2016(148), pp.85-96. Grajales III, F.J., Sheps, S., Ho, K., Novak-Lauscher, H. and Eysenbach, G., 2014. Social media: a review and tutorial of applications in medicine and health care.Journal of medical Internet research,16(2). Hickey, G.L., Grant, S.W., Cosgriff, R., Dimarakis, I., Pagano, D., Kappetein, A.P. and Bridgewater, B., 2013. Clinical registries: governance, management, analysis and applications.European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery,44(4), pp.605-614. Huang, R. and Sarigll, E., 2014. How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors(pp. 113-132). Springer New York. Hsiao, S.H., 2014. PTE, innovation capital and firm value interactions in the biotech medical industry.Journal of Business Research,67(12), pp.2636-2644. Luo, Y.L., Zhang, S.Q., Wan, S.X. and Zhou, T.J., 2014. A Study of Knowledge Management System Based on Data Resources of Medical Industry. InApplied Mechanics and Materials(Vol. 651, pp. 1784-1789). Trans Tech Publications. Sargeant, A. and Jay, E., 2014.Fundraising management: analysis, planning and practice. Routledge. Taske Sarah-Jane, 2016, Blood, sweat and tears of the CSL century, The Australian. Witcomb, G, 2015, CSl growth to slow as competition rises, retrieved from https://www.intelligentinvestor.com.au/CSLs-growth-to-slow-as-competition-rises.

Nursing Assignment Registered Nurse RN - Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Nursing for Registered Nurse (RN). Answer: Scenario 1 I am a first year Registered Nurse (RN) and working with my friend David in the medical ward. I come across a situation where I found David administering the wrong dilution intravenously to a patient and upon inquiring, he informed that he had the dosage form a registered nurse. On further investigation from another RN, I was confirmed that I was right that the medication needed further dilution. This is a case of critical incident reporting and such type of situation lead to patient safety issues. Nurses are the most involved among the medical professionals in the phase of medication administration and are responsible for detection and prevention of errors. However, when they get involved in errors, it causes serious harm to the patients, particularly with the intravenous medications. According to the Code for professional conduct for nurses in Australia, the nurses are expected to uphold exemplary standards of conduct when performing their duties in a competent and safe manner (Nur singmidwiferyboard.gov.au 2016). They should have accurate knowledge before administering medications to the patients and should be aware of the consequences of medication errors. Therefore, in this essay, the incident, analysis and response will be discussed according to the scenario with appropriate action to be taken. Critical Incident The primary responsibility of medication administration across settings lies with the nurses and they are also involved in the preparation and dispensing of the medications. Most of the medication administration errors are due to the wrong dose, wrong rate and wrong time of administration and are mostly for the injectable drugs causing drug overdose. Some of the identified factors responsible for these medication administration errors are performance or knowledge deficits, name confusion, misleading or similar labeling and inappropriate packaging. In this scenario, David a first year RN was found to be administering improper dilution of an intravenous medication and it required further dilution. As I approached him, he had already administered half of the medication and upon my request to stop the administration of the medication, he replied that he has already checked the medication with an RN and he was confident about the dilution. Upon cross checking with another RN, I discovered that David was wrong with the dilution and I was indeed right. From this scenario, it is obvious that since I was more experienced compared to David, I had better knowledge regarding dilutions of intravenous medications. Experience of the nurse play a major role in administration of medications and its accuracy gets better with continuous working. Since David was comparatively new to the job, he did not have the correct knowledge of dilutions of intravenous medications. David was not aware of the eight rights of medication administration that increases patient safety and makes the nurse aware of the appropriate medication and its administration. These eight rights of medication administration are right patient, right medication, right dose, right route, right time, right documentation, right reason and right response (Keers et al. 2013). The Australian Injectable Drug Handbook also gives ample information regarding the administration of injectable medications of which, David was pr obably not aware of. Apart from this, David was misguided by another RN who informed him that the dilution is appropriate. According to the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia and its rules for enrolled nurses and medication administration, it is evident that not all the enrolled nurses who do not have a notation can administer the intravenous medications (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au 2016). The RN who misguided David did not verify his knowledge thoroughly and inquired about the notation and allowed him to administer intravenous medication. It was a case of neglecting the Code of Ethics for nurses which state that nurses should value informed decision making (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au 2016). The RN neglected this fact and did not cross check the information passed by David regarding his decision of the dilution of the medication. Another violation of the rules can be traced in the scenario of the National competency standards for the RN which lies down several regulations a nd obligations for the RNs in accordance with their standards of professional practice (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au 2016). The nurses are expected to do critical thinking and analysis of the available evidence which the RN seemed to ignore may be due to several reasons like heavy workload, insufficient training, unfamiliar with the medication of the patient and poor supervision. Overall, it can be said that both David and the RN did not observe the rules and regulations laid down by the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia that led to the medication administration error and compromised with patient safety. The correct procedure for administration of the intravenous mediation should have started with the thorough knowledge of the eight rights of medication administration. Checking the right dose would have given David the notion of the amount of the medication prescribed and the calculation required to be done for dilution and determining the dosage prior to administration. David was required to identify the clinical errors by reviewing the preparation to determine if it was made in accordance with the Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook and compared the dose of the preparation with the prescribed dose of the medication (Day and Snowden 2016). Experience plays a major role here and since David is new to the system, he consulted the RN who further misguided him. Therefore, only after David had been confident about his duty, he should have administered the intravenous medication which could save him from the misguidance. Since intravenous drugs readily enter the systemic circulation, it can cause serious damage to the patient health and therefore David should have been cautious about this prior to his administration of the medication. It is evident that knowledge and skill deficiencies have a greater contribution to the severity and is associated with the administration errors of the intravenous medications (Keers et al. 2014). However, the severity of the errors decrease as the RNs become experienced and since David do not have sufficient experience, he should have been accompanied by an experienced supervisor while administration of the medication. I tried to stop David while he was administering the medication as he was halfway through his job and stopping the administration would have lessened the damage. Although David was confident about his job after a consultation with the RN, there should have been a discussion with me regarding the dilution and this should have taken somewhere away from the patient. Overhearing the conversation created confusion and panic in the mind of the patient and this should not have happened. Therefore, the correct procedure of this critical incident would have been based on the codes and regulations of the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia. Analysis of the Situation According to WHO, patient safety has become a global concern and RNs are the direct care providers who plays an integral role in patient safety (World Health Organization 2016). The most preventable mortality and morbidity cause in hospitals include medication administration error and therefore, have been identified as the priority issue of patient safety along with a concern for the nursing profession. The behavior of medication administration by the RNs incorporates two different phenomenon or action. This includes recommended behavior violation or unintended errors and the actions of the RNs undertaken for keeping the patients safe during administration of the medication. Therefore, there is a difference between medication administration error and medication administration behavior that the RNs are known to commit and the behavior aspect has been regarded as an outcome of the human behavior (Keers et al. 2013). Scenario 1 depicts a situation where two first year RNs were working in the medical ward with different durations where, the first RN (me) finds out that the second RN David (my friend) was administering an intravenous medication to a patient with improper dilution. Upon intervening, he informed that he has confirmed the dilution from an RN and therefore he was confident about the dosage. The first RN upon further investigation with another RN came to know that he was right was David was wrong regarding the dilution. Therefore, the main players in this scenario are the two first year RNs and the other RN who misguided David. To begin with David, it can be said that there are two domains that contribute significantly to the medication administration errors by the nurses. These domains are environment and person. The environmental domain includes the working environment disposition and the clinical activities undertaken in the healthcare settings. The person domain includes the work ex perience of the RN and the characteristics of the RN (Berdot et al. 2012). It is evident from the scenario that the medication administration error of David was a result of person domain as his experience was limited and his characteristics were not professional while administering an intravenous medication. As an RN, David is expected to adhere to the Code of professional conduct for nurses and National competency standards for the registered nurse by the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia. He should have referred to the Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook prior to the administration for confirmation of the administration procedure. He should have paid attention to the advice of his friend who was more experienced compared to him for cross-checking the dilution of the medication. In addition, neglecting the eight rights of medication administration further aggravated the problem. A thorough understanding and knowledge of the steps of medication administration is essential an d the RN should be adequately trained for the job (McLeod et al. 2013). David was accountable for the health and safety of the patient and it is quite obvious that he might have lacked the basic numeracy skills required for calculation of the medication dosage. All this factors collectively led to the mishap of administration of inappropriate dilution of the intravenous medication by David. The RN who misguided David is also responsible for his mistake. According to the Code of Ethics for nurses in Australia, the guiding framework states that the RNs should abide by the eight value statements that are also applicable for the colleagues (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au 2016). The RNs should take appropriate steps to help their colleagues to provide quality nursing care. In this scenario, the RN ignored this code of ethics due to probable reasons of heavy workload and distractions that ultimately caused David to commit an error in the dilution of the medication. According to the conduct statement 8 of the Code of professional conduct for nurses in Australia, RNs are expected to provide accurate information related to the healthcare products and the RN in the scenario neglected this statement as well (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au 2016). He did not pass the accurate information to David regarding the process of dilution of the medication and David, being a first year RN, could not follow the calculation accurately due to lack of experience. It was also the responsibility of the other RN to effectively intervene in the process of administration of the medication by David. According to the National competency standards for the registered nurse, the nurses are expected to collaborate and communicate with the healthcare team for providing effective nursing care (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au 2016). Since he noticed there was a discrepancy in the dilution of the medication by David and that he was not amending it in spite of making him aware, he should have reported it immediately to his supervisor for the maintenance of effective nursing care. Although he tried to rectify the mistake of David by asking him to verify his dilution volume, he did it in front of the patient that made him anxious and doubted the abilities of David. According to the value statement 7 of the Code of Ethics for nurses in Australia, the RNs are expected to value the ethical management of the obtained information among their colleagues and therefore, this information should have been passed with utmost care without letting the patient know about the dilemma regarding the dilution of the medication (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au 2016). Therefore, it can be stated that all the three RNs had a crucial role to play in the scenario and had they followed the guidelines of the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia along with the person-centered medication administration error of David, this mistake could have been avoided. Response to the Incident Patient safety is a growing concern in the global healthcare system and the number of near miss and death cases is alarming. The scenario was a near miss case where the wrong dosage was administered to the patient by a first year RN. Such type of incidences also results in death depending upon the potency of the medication and the condition of the patient. The incidence can be responded effectively with the application of incident reporting system (Anderson et al. 2013). It is a key tool used to enhance learning and improve safety by reporting incidents on the belief that patient safety can be improved by learning from the reported incidents. There are several tools and strategies that have been developed for reducing medication administration errors and response to the incident includes a detailed analysis of the series of events that caused the incident (Lawton et al. 2012). RNs are the front line staff of the hospital and they are expected to report the medication administration e rror even if they are an observer of the incident. Since I was an observer of the incident, it is my responsibility to report the incident in the appropriate manner following the hospital protocol for reporting medication administration errors. I will be completing the medication administration error notification form and forward it to the QI (Quality Improvement) department. Then the QI department will sent the notification form by attaching the medication error sheet to David who is responsible for the medication administration error. This will be followed by sending a corresponding email to David by the QI department regarding the incident. David will be completing the medication error sheet and forward it to the QI department. Then the QI department will file and record the received medication error sheet from David and will forward a copy of the sheet to the responsible nurse manager in the medical ward who was the supervisor of David. The nurse manager will be investigating on the complete incident and I will be assisting him in this process as I discovered the incident. Upon completing the investigation, he will be filling up the follow up section present in the medication error sheet and return it to the QI department. The QI department will follow up, file, track and ensure that the medication error sheet is completed and necessary action has been taken to prevent the occurrence of such incidences in future. In the entire process, I will have to be attached to the investigation and reporting process as I was the prime witness of the incident. Medication administration errors can be prevented only with the accurate reporting of the incidents. It is evident that only 25% of the medication administration errors are actually reported by the nurses (Hartnell et al. 2012). The prime reason for this underreporting is the fear of staff punishment that might include loss of job. The other reason for underreporting is that the nurse fears that they might get la beled and revealed as the one who committed a medication administration error. It also hampers the reputation of their unit or service (Radley et al. 2013). Although David is my friend, it is my responsibility to report the medication administration error as it is concerned with patient safety and nursing responsibility. According to the value statement 1 of the Code of Ethics for nurses in Australia, nurses are expected to value the quality nursing care for all the patients (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au 2016). Since it was a case of negligence by David, it has to be reported accordingly. Many of the medication administration errors are near miss and do not result in a potentially serious event. Even such near misses should not be neglected as it was still an error and considering them for rectification can improve the safety of the patients. Enabling proper reporting channels helps to set up a process for effective communication of the errors and near misses to the key stakeholders . After compilation of the data, the agencies of healthcare evaluate the causes of the error and create processes for reducing the risk of errors. Implementation of strategies like staff advice elicitation, budget appropriateness and staff education can result in making easy the patient safety system implementation and help to improve the internal reporting process to the patients and their families as well (Pham et al. 2012). As the patients get informed of the potential and actual errors, they inquire about the quality improvement efforts that the management has taken up and is supported by shared learning for preventing similar errors in future. They also wish to stay informed of the incident as they support reporting errors and appreciate the efforts that the organizations and clinicians take up in acknowledging errors immediately after their detection. The South Australian (SA) Health has an application named Safety Learning System (SLS) that enables the services of SA Health to analyze, investigate, manage and record the patient incidents. Consumer feedbacks are also recorded and the formal notifications are recorded that includes medical malpractice and coronial matters (Sahealth.sa.gov.au 2016). After the discovery of the incident, I could have reported the incident according to the protocol of SLS. After the incident, the patient will be provided treatment and immediate care followed by recording the incident in the SLS. Then the manager reviews the report followed by investigating the incident and documenting the action. The relevant committee reviews the data according to the location and type of incident for planning the improvement related to the patient care quality. Conclusion Medication administration errors are common in almost all the settings that may result in an adverse drug event especially with the medications that are administered in the specialty areas and have complex dosage regimen. Wrong route of administration, wrong drug and wrong dose are the most common forms of the medication administration errors. In the present scenario, David was found to commit an error with the wrong dose and he was confident about his job in spite of the error because of misleading by an RN. This could have resulted in severe complications not only in the scenario but also in future if David was not made aware of his mistake in the dilution of the intravenous medication. Therefore, adequate reporting of the incident was essential for the sake of patient safety and fulfillment of the nursing duties and responsibilities as a registered nurse. References Anderson, J.E., Kodate, N., Walters, R. and Dodds, A., 2013. Can incident reporting improve safety? Healthcare practitioners' views of the effectiveness of incident reporting.International journal for quality in health care,25(2), pp.141-150. Berdot, S., Sabatier, B., Gillaizeau, F., Caruba, T., Prognon, P. and Durieux, P., 2012. Evaluation of drug administration errors in a teaching hospital.BMC health services research,12(1), p.1. Day, R.O. and Snowden, L., 2016. Where to find information about drugs.Australian Prescriber,39(3). Hartnell, N., MacKinnon, N., Sketris, I. and Fleming, M., 2012. Identifying, understanding and overcoming barriers to medication error reporting in hospitals: a focus group study.BMJ quality safety,21(5), pp.361-368. Keers, R.N., Williams, S.D., Cooke, J. and Ashcroft, D.M., 2013. Causes of medication administration errors in hospitals: a systematic review of quantitative and qualitative evidence.Drug safety,36(11), pp.1045-1067. Keers, R.N., Williams, S.D., Cooke, J. and Ashcroft, D.M., 2013. Prevalence and nature of medication administration errors in health care settings: a systematic review of direct observational evidence.Annals of Pharmacotherapy,47(2), pp.237-256. Keers, R.N., Williams, S.D., Cooke, J., Walsh, T. and Ashcroft, D.M., 2014. Impact of interventions designed to reduce medication administration errors in hospitals: a systematic review.Drug safety,37(5), pp.317-332. Lawton, R., McEachan, R.R., Giles, S.J., Sirriyeh, R., Watt, I.S. and Wright, J., 2012. Development of an evidence-based framework of factors contributing to patient safety incidents in hospital settings: a systematic review.BMJ quality safety, pp.bmjqs-2011. McLeod, M.C., Barber, N. and Franklin, B.D., 2013. Methodological variations and their effects on reported medication administration error rates.BMJ quality safety,22(4), pp.278-289. Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. (2016).Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Professional standards. [online] Available at: https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Professional-standards.aspx [Accessed 19 Aug. 2016]. Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. (2016).Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Home. [online] Available at: https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/ [Accessed 19 Aug. 2016]. Pham, J.C., Aswani, M.S., Rosen, M., Lee, H., Huddle, M., Weeks, K. and Pronovost, P.J., 2012. Reducing medical errors and adverse events.Annual review of medicine,63, pp.447-463. Radley, D.C., Wasserman, M.R., Olsho, L.E., Shoemaker, S.J., Spranca, M.D. and Bradshaw, B., 2013. Reduction in medication errors in hospitals due to adoption of computerized provider order entry systems.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association,20(3), pp.470-476. World Health Organization. (2016).Patient safety. [online] Available at: https://www.who.int/patientsafety/en/ [Accessed 19 Aug. 2016]. Sahealth.sa.gov.au. (2016).SA Health. [online] Available at: https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au [Accessed 19 Aug. 2016].

Internet Marketing World Wide Web as a pull Medium for Marketing rather than a Push Medium

Internet marketing involves sellers who persuade customers to purchase their goods and services through the World Wide Web. This persuasion is done by displaying media stuffing that include search engines, banner advertisements and electronic mail marketing. Customers need to be pulled rather than be pushed.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Marketing: World Wide Web as a pull Medium for Marketing rather than a Push Medium specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conventional media such as radio, magazines, and television tend to push advertisements to customers without any form of interactivity. On the other hand, the World Wide Web provides users with opportunity to select the site they would like to visit. In this sense, companies have embraced the internet as a marketing tool. Internet marketing has been adopted by many organizations due to its efficiency in delivering message to intended customers within the shortest time possible. Advancement in technology that has been witnessed in the recent past has drawn many people to the use of internet not only for communicating but also to do business. The emergence of software that help in detecting the physical location of an internet user has enabled dealers to narrow their intended customers in order to increase chances of reaching them.[1] This is because advertising at random may not convey the message to people who need specific services and items. Sellers are able to specify their intended customers depending on their sex, age, state and other categories where necessary. It is perceived that customer requirements vary depending on their gender, age and location. First and foremost males and females have different interests thus internet sellers should watch what they intend to introduce to both sexes because they may not match. Females usually refer to the internet for learning purposes whereas males use the internet to mingle with thei r pals and also for leisure purposes such as downloading movies and music. This information is useful to internet sellers because it helps them identify the most convenient web spots for their advertisement that is mostly preferred by people of a particular sex. Business on the internet follows a particular trend based on friendship which then is extended to doing business. It is advisable to establish friendships on the internet because the very same friends will turn in to be regular customers. This can be done by driving conversations through social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter, thus giving customers the opportunity to such for specific products and consequently pull them to a company’s products.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sellers should not insist so much on selling their services and commodities in their first encounter with a potential customer. They should seek to familiarize themselves with their newly acquired friends and should not drop the issue of doing business until the time is ripe for them to do so.[2] Internet sellers should keep in touch with these friends regularly and as time moves by they can introduce them to their services and items because by now the said friend has developed a sense of trust and confidence towards them due to the regular mingling between the two concerned parties. Thus it is important for internet marketers to withhold their interest. For instance if an internet business executive sends an email with details about his or her business prospects to a new friend without the consent of the intended recipient it might result in termination of friendship because the recipient might feel he or she is being monitored. For friendship to be fruitful it has to be well taken care of hence sellers should listen to their potential customers to know their interests which can be used to determine what p roducts might best suit them. The internet presents many advantages that can be experienced by advertisers which are non existent to people who advertise their products and services offline. Organizations and individuals are considering sensitizing their potential customers about their products and services through the internet because it is cheaper in the long run. This is owing to the fact that advertisements can be rephrased as opposed to offline which require advertisers to design a new presentation from the scratch if the current one is not satisfactory. This means that the advertiser has to pay more money for the amendments to be applied because offline advertisements are very laborious in designing them. Marketers should design an Internet marketing strategy that can be able to drive web sites that sell.[3] In internet advertising if the owner of a given advert wishes to add more contents or erase some information contained in an advert corrections are done swiftly at the cli ck of a button because its only a matter of typing or deleting text.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Marketing: World Wide Web as a pull Medium for Marketing rather than a Push Medium specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the World Wide Web, the advertisers can monitor the progress of their advert by looking at the number of people who have actually responded to their advert. It is possible to identify respondents of a given advert and the exact time that they did so. In traditional advertising, monitoring consumers’ response is very demanding because it relies on calls that are made on inquiries pertaining a given product or service. The Internet provides many vectors that are reliable in conveying advertiser’s message as opposed to offline advertisement which is limited to television, radio, newspapers and magazines. These vectors include blogs, audio, social networks, emails, videos and j ournals. These vectors allow potential customers to give their opinions and make inquiries instantly which can help an advertiser to understand the needs of his or her customers.[4] Securing a possible sale is very fast online because the process of buying and selling is computerized hence there are no papers involved. Social websites provides a pool of potential customers thus advertisers should consider exhibiting their products and services in these sites. The sites include Facebook, twitter, Youtube and MySpace which are very popular among people of all ages. Politicians such as Barrack Obama has proved the effectiveness of advertising using these social websites and since his success story, other people are following his foot steps. Joining social sites does not guarantee that sales will increase within two days therefore once one has become a member of a social site he or she has to stick around for his efforts to be realized. Being on and off the social site means one is not entirely concerned with pulling potential customers. One of the major requirements in internet marketing is to have a web portal that attracts the attention of users. This means that even if a website is featured as a sponsored link it will be very appealing to customers. It is certain the growth of a web portal can be enhanced by promoting search engine marketing and paid per click.[5] PPC involves paying internet users who respond to ones activities online. If an individual or an organization can not socialize on the internet it is better to hire somebody who can establish friendship with the customers on behalf of the individual or the organization. A business portal on the internet should be much customized to meet the various demands of customers.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This means that a business web site should provide customers with several options when they want to purchase items listed on the web page. For instance, there should be several modes of payment because customers have different tastes and whereas one mode of payment may be convenient to a particular shopper it might inconvenience another customer at the same time. Research has indicated that customers may be willing to purchase an item listed on the website but then they may be discouraged by the available modes of payment because they don’t apply in their geographical location.[6] Currently there are several major modes of payment, which include bank wire transfer and paypal among many others. Most people prefer to pay the purchase of services and items through bank wire transfer because it’s very first hence more reliable. The layout of the website should reflect the personality of the person or the organization that owns. People judge a website not by its attractiven ess but the contents that are presented. People prefer to shop from virtual shops that are known hence it is good to list testimonials from previous customers. If the testimonials are from public figures such as prominent musicians the better it is for the advertiser. People trust websites that have a valid telephone number of the owner because they know incase something goes wrong there is someone to attend to their problem. The telephone contacts should be complimented by physical addresses. By limiting contact details available on the internet the advertiser implies that he or she does not care what happens after a sale has been closed hence customers tend to ignore such sites. In essence, through internet marketing, companies have been able to pull customers towards their products and services; with a lot of finances placed on internet strategies.[7] Great products, reliable web site, and strong marketing strategy are the major components of successful internet marketing strateg y. Bibliography Feng L., What is e-business?: how the internet transforms organizations, Wiley-Blackwell, New Jersey, 2006. Laudon, K. C. J. P. Laudon, Management information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm, 9th Ed, Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2006. Lowery, S., Internet Marketing Strategies – Three Step Formula, Web-Source, 2010. Web. Lee, O., Internet Marketing Research: theory and practice, Idea Group Publishing, Hershey, 2001. Premier Global Marketing, Internet Marketing Statistics and Facts, 2009. Web. Reyner, A., Put the E-mphasis on Local Internet Marketing and reach first page on Google, PRLog, 2010. Web. Wendy, C., Value creation from e-business models, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2004. Footnotes A. Reyner, Put the E-mphasis on Local Internet Marketing and reach first page on Google, PRLog, 2010. L. Feng, What is e-business?: how the internet transforms organizations, Wiley-Blackwell, New Jersey, 2006 , p.47 S. Lowery, Internet Marketing Str ategies – Three Step Formula, Web-Source, 2010. K. C. Laudon J. P. Laudon, Management information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm, 9th Ed, Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2006, p.35. O. Lee, Internet Marketing Research: theory and practice, Idea Group Publishing, Hershey, 2001, p.165. Wendy, C., Value creation from e-business models, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2004, p. 218. Premier Global Marketing, Internet Marketing Statistics and Facts, 2009. This essay on Internet Marketing: World Wide Web as a pull Medium for Marketing rather than a Push Medium was written and submitted by user Nyla Z. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Rise and Fall of Consumer Cultures Essay Example

The Rise and Fall of Consumer Cultures Essay Example The Rise and Fall of Consumer Cultures Essay The Rise and Fall of Consumer Cultures Essay Name: Lecturer: Course: Date: The Rise and fall of Consumer Cultures 1 The 2010 issue of the â€Å"State of the world† is purely dedicated to raising awareness on the need for the development of more environmental friendly habits that greatly influence the world in a more positive manner. The article indicated the human race currently faces many social problems that insightfully point to a much deeper systematic failing. The article refers to this failure as a prevailing cultural model that tends to promote the adaptation of lifestyles directly against the realities of finite planet. This model is referred to as â€Å"consumerism† where the world has adopted a culture of developing an avaricious appetite through the consumption of the worlds, finite recourses (Gray, 5). The article illustrates of how the current consumption levels are unsustainable both now and the future leading to the threat of the existence of humanity as we know it. The article further indicates that if the pattern is to proceed unchecked, then some of the problems such as climate change and other environmental problems could be impossible to solve. These environmental and climatic problems are definitely poised at altering the normal structure and survival of human civilization. Reversing the adverse impacts brought about by consumerism cultures and habits will require long-term efforts that are mainly aimed at altering the traditions. These efforts are focused on changing the traditions, social movements and institutions that mould the worlds’ cultures from their current consumerism states to that of sustainability. Since the world’s recourses such as land and minerals are finite, utilizing them without replacing them means that future generations will not have the privilege of experiencing and enjoying them unless of course through videos and other storage media. The article proposes institutions such as schools, the media, businesses and governments as effective and efficient ones for changing the current culture into a more sustainable one. These institutions will bring about a cultural shift that will lead to more sustainable culture as a natural lifestyle that will take control of underlying disasters. The sustainable culture will also go a long way in dealing with other related crisis such as income inequity, obesity and social isolation. State of the World 2010 illustrates a grim image of what the unchecked consumerism could lead to and details of how a more sustainable culture could look like. The article also illustrates on some already existing efforts that are aimed at making the shift in making the latter image a reality. The article provides some grim statistics on the current consumer levels of the human population. As an illustration, in the year 2006 alone, the worlds’ population consumed a total to thirty point five trillion dollars worth of goods and services. This indicated a twenty-eight percent increase from a span of only ten years. The article indicates that the dramatic increase in consumption leads to an increase of resource extraction. In illustration, up to one hundred and twelve Empire State Buildings worth of materials are extracted from this finite earth in a period of only twenty-four hours. On average, an American consumes close to eighty-eight kilograms of commodities on a daily basis. This amount is technically more that what an average person weighs. Were everyone in this finite earth to adopt consumerist culture, then the earth could only support one point four billion people. This is merely a fifth of the entire worlds’ population according to current statistics. 2 One of the micro foundations in economics is demand. Whenever demand for a certain product increasing without further increase in supply, then the price of the commodity is bound to increase. With this regard, if the world’s population will continue with its consumerist culture and increase its consumption of the already finite resources, then price of the commodities worldwide will end up being revised upwards. This would further mean that at a certain time, only the affluent few in the world would be able to acquire some of these essential commodities. The utility theory can be used in this case be used to explain the behavioral patterns of the world’s population. With this regard, the consumer has been playing the role of decision maker. In this process, the worlds’ consumerism society decides the amount of any commodity that is too consumed. This is mainly aimed at insuring the highest possible level of utility that is subject to the populations’ available income and the prices of the commodities. In accordance with the utility theory, we see production levels of non-essential commodities increasing as opposed to an increase in the essential commodities. Increased consumption levels allow diminishing marginal utility to come into play. With this regard, consumers have continually increased their intake to the point where additional consumption provides less utility than what was consumed before. This has the adverse effect of bringing about ailments such as obesity, cancers and an increase in waste production . The marginal private benefit is the increase in benefit derived from a commodity in the event of consumption or production of one extra unit obtained by the individual that is consuming the product. With this regard, the global marginal private benefit is bound to decrease in a consumerism culture since most of the excess is bound to be discarded as waste as opposed to optimal utilization. This is evidenced where studies indicate a change in the essential commodities. For instance, people in the United States of America now deem a mobile phone as a necessity whereas in Japan, items such as a fan and a washing machine are viewed as essential commodities. Different production levels lead the production company incurring different profit margins. Profit maximization is thus the process whereby the production companies evaluate the price and production levels that enable the company to reap the greatest profit. With this regard, increased production does not necessarily translate into maximized profits. A consumerist society leads to increased and unpredictable production levels thus rendering the production companies to fail to realize profit maximization. The marginal private cost is the cost incurred by a company after producing a given product or service. The marginal private cost normally increases with an increase in production. With this regard, an increase in demand will result in an increase in production and hence an increase in the marginal private cost incurred by the production companies. Supply is the amount of a given product that is available for purchase at a given time. Since the earth’s resources are finite, additional consumption of these products without replenishing the present ones will result in a time when the supply of a given product will be nil. 3 One of the steps to be taken in dealing with the prevailing environmental issues is the rolling out of a major sensitization program aimed at highlighting the need for conserving the present recourses by mainly checking the consumerist cultures. Although this seems like a daunting task, history indicates that traditional human cultures are generally sustainability oriented. This means that the human population needs not to be educated on a new lifestyle or culture but simply be reminded of the need to return to the past cultural habits. The worlds’ traditional cultures are in a way homogenous in that they have deep and ancient roots that enable people to realize sense of their lives and create a manageable relationship with other members of the society and the natural world. Anthropologists indicate that traditional cultures are deeply rooted in the mutual respect and protection of the natural environment that facilitates the mere existence of the human societies. Creating awareness on the need of reverting to the roots could be taken as the first step in dealing with the prevailing environmental issues. Another step is using schools as places of nurturing the younger generation. Since is hard to â€Å"teach an old dog new tricks†, then it could be consider wise to nurture a young generations that highly respects, appreciates and protects the natural systems that sustain their survival. The younger generation could be sensitized on the need of conserving the natural systems at a very tender age. This means that in fifteen to twenty years to come, a new generation will arise with the zeal of protecting the natural resources that sustain our very existence. With the help of the government and school heads, school menus could be changed and provided the student with menus comprising of healthy, local and environmentally safe foods. This leads into a change in the young generation’s dietary norms. Efforts such as the use of renewable energy sources such as wind power, solar and other will go along way in ensuring that culture aimed at sustaining the environment is developed. This will also go along way in curbing harmful carbon emissions and decreasing the worlds’ over reliance on fossil fuels. This is because this fuels, once consumed, they cannot be replenished for future use. Another means is through enacting laws that curtail the use of non-renewable resources. Paper and other industries that engage in the logging of trees must be forced by law to roll out measures aimed at replenishing the felled trees. The felling of hardwood trees should be kept at a minimum because even with tree planting measures, these species take a considerably long time to mature. With this respect, these efforts will act as double-edged sword by having the older generation adopt sustainable activities by means of the law and at the same time creating an ideal sustainable culture among the future generations. Assadourian, Erik, Linda Starke, and Lisa Mastny. State of the World, 2010: Transforming Cultures: from Consumerism to Sustainability: A Worldwatch Institute Report on Progress Toward a Sustainable Society. New York, NY: W.W. Norton, 2010. Print.

Summary for Organizational Behavior Case Assignment

Summary for Organizational Behavior Case - Assignment Example Studies have shown that some employees tend to perform and be reluctant due to forgetting of their required responsibilities in the organisation. However, Jones can also take the required action as in the agreement that was made between the two bodies. However in Podovinski’s case it is more of neglecting is duty. Unions have been created which fight for satisfactory relations between the management and the plant workers in McLaughlin pharmaceutical, after long negotiations that started at 1980 to 2012 the international manufacturer has achieved to reach fifteen separate negotiations successfully. However, the organisation has had two strikes in 1990 and the other one ten years after in 2000. The union has enabled the organisation to improve the management-labour relations where the responsibility of union negotiations has been given to Canadian management. These were after employees resented the American parent negotiating collective agreements for a different and unique Canadian operation. Consequently the agreement divided the plant into three different wage groups which were meant to define wage rates layoff procedures. Most manufacturing plants considered the McLaughlin’s collective agreement to be standard, nevertheless fifteen grievances by 1980 had been filed where ten of the c ases came from the plant mechanics/engineering which mainly ranged fro equipment safety concerns and supervisory harassment. Taking the case of Jones who has been an employee at McLaughlin for a period of 15 years where he started off an evening shift janitor. Due to experience in the organisation he acquired the mechanic ability this made his co-workers consider him as a mechanic adept since he taught himself the mechanic skills. Through hard work and also attending night classes on management courses, Jones was able to climb from a semi skilled mechanic to a supervisor that made him in charge of managing and directing 16 fellow employees and reporting